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Species	Euphorbia esula L.;
Taxonomy	Euphorbiaceae Juss.; Euphorbia L.
Species distribution by Meusel et al. (1965)	European; Temperate
Life form by Raunkiaer	summer-green; mesomorphe
Relation to Central Russian Flora	original
Ecological-coenotic group and subgroup	Meadow-Stepp Steppe
Life strategy by Grime (1979)
Species indicator values
by Ellenberg et al. (1991)	Temperature = 0 Continentality = 5 Soil Moisture = 4 Soil Reaction = 8 Soil Nutrients = 0 Light value = 8
by Landolt (1977)	Temperature = 4 Continentality = 4 Soil Moisture = 3 Soil Reaction = 4 Soil Nutrients = 3 Humus value = 3 Aeration value = 5 Light value = 4
by Tsyganov (1983)	Temperature: 6-12 Continentality = 3-11 Ombroclimate = Crioclimate = 8-12 Soil Moisture = 4-13 Soil Reaction = 7-13 Soil Nutrients = 1-9 Mineral salt value = 5-14 Light value = 1-4