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Species	Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz;
Taxonomy	Orchidaceae Juss.; Epipactis Zinn
Species distribution by Meusel et al. (1965)	European-WestAsian; Temperate-Submeridional
Life form by Raunkiaer	summer-green; hygromorphe, mesomorphe
Relation to Central Russian Flora	original
Ecological-coenotic group and subgroup	Nemoral InForest-Nemoral
Life strategy by Grime (1979)	S -
Species indicator values
by Ellenberg et al. (1991)	Temperature = 5 Continentality = 3 Soil Moisture = 5 Soil Reaction = 7 Soil Nutrients = 5 Light value = 3
by Landolt (1977)	Temperature = 3 Continentality = 3 Soil Moisture = 3 Soil Reaction = 4 Soil Nutrients = 2 Humus value = 4 Aeration value = 5 Light value = 3
by Tsyganov (1983)	Temperature: 4-13 Continentality = 3-15 Ombroclimate = Crioclimate = 4-10 Soil Moisture = 9-15 Soil Reaction = 5-11 Soil Nutrients = 3-9 Mineral salt value = 5-9 Light value = 3-9