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Species	Xanthium strumarium L.;
Taxonomy	Asteraceae Dumort.; Xanthium L.
Species distribution by Meusel et al. (1965)
Life form by Raunkiaer	summer-green; scleromorphe
Relation to Central Russian Flora	original
Ecological-coenotic group and subgroup	Water-Swamp
Life strategy by Grime (1979)
Species indicator values
by Ellenberg et al. (1991)	Temperature = 7 Continentality = 5 Soil Moisture = 5 Soil Reaction = 0 Soil Nutrients = 6 Light value = 8
by Landolt (1977)	Temperature = 5 Continentality = 3 Soil Moisture = 3 Soil Reaction = 3 Soil Nutrients = 5 Humus value = 3 Aeration value = 2 Light value = 4
by Tsyganov (1983)	Temperature: 6-13 Continentality = 3-14 Ombroclimate = Crioclimate = 6-13 Soil Moisture = 4-17 Soil Reaction = 1-13 Soil Nutrients = 5-9 Mineral salt value = 8-14 Light value = 1-4