Flora of vascular plants in the Central European Russia

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Species Symphytum asperum Lepech.;
Taxonomy Boraginaceae Juss.; Symphytum L.
Species distribution by Meusel et al. (1965) European-WestAsian; Submeridional-Meridional
Life form by Raunkiaer
Relation to Central Russian Flora культурный
Ecological-coenotic group and subgroup Meadow-Stepp FreshMeadow
Life strategy by Grime (1979)
Species indicator values
by Ellenberg et al. (1991) Temperature = 0
Continentality = 0
Soil Moisture = 0
Soil Reaction = 0
Soil Nutrients = 0
Light value = 0
by Landolt (1977) Temperature = 5
Continentality = 3
Soil Moisture = 3
Soil Reaction = 3
Soil Nutrients = 4
Humus value = 3
Aeration value = 4
Light value = 3
by Tsyganov (1983) Temperature: 5-10
Continentality = 7-11
Ombroclimate =
Crioclimate = 6-10
Soil Moisture = 10-16
Soil Reaction = 5-11
Soil Nutrients = 4-10
Mineral salt value =
Light value = 1-5